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Anatomy study has made it very easy to treat many medical complications, which were once believed to be incurable. Anatomy is the study, which is all the knowledge about the structure of animals, plants, and Humans.
Anatomy is the language of Physiology. One can thoroughly appreciate physiology, if and only if one understands Anatomy. Anatomy has its roots in prehistoric times, which are well evidenced, and majorly relied on the studies of dissections. Anatomical studies were taken to the next level with the invention of microscopes.
These are now advanced to such a level, that we can see the inside of the human body, without actually dissecting the bodies. The techniques like MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT (Computed Tomography), help anatomists and doctors more to learn about the body and make the diagnosis of illness easier and faster.
The cure for suffering is firmly back supported by our great knowledge of one of the biological branches, Anatomy.
Anatomy Assignment Help offers great help in understanding the concepts of Anatomy. Not only that we also help Australian students with the other branches of biological sciences.
Botany: “Plant science” is Botany. It is the study of all the features of plants, which include structure (Morphology and Anatomy), function (Physiology), and evolution. The knowledge of these features helps in Plant classification, which is also an area of study in botany.Click on “Botany Assignment Help” to Know more.
Zoology: “Animal science” is Zoology. It is the study of all the features of Animals, that includes structure (Morphology and Anatomy), function (Physiology), and evolution. The Knowledge of these features helps in Animal classification, which is also an area of study in Zoology.Read our Zoology Assignment Help to Know more.
Biochemistry: An integral science of Biology and chemistry, which deals with the chemistry of living organisms (the metabolism or living reactions) that drives the living state of an organism. Click on “Biochemistry Assignment Help” to Know more.
Genomics: “Science of genes” is Genomics. This science deals with the structure, synthesis, sequencing, and mapping of genes.Want to explore more? Get more info from our Genomics Assignment Help.
Anatomy is a Greek work in which “ana” means “up” and “tome” means “cutting”, the study which includes the cut sections/dissected sections of Plants, Animals and Humans.
The two broad aspects of Anatomical study are:
Micro Anatomy is the study of Parts and structures that the naked eye cannot see. It includes:
Cytology (Study of the anatomical aspects of the cell)
Histology (Anatomical aspects of Tissues)
Gross anatomy is the study of Parts and Structures that the naked eye can see. The study includes:
Surface Anatomy (Study of the external body)
Regional Anatomy deals with the study of specific regions of the body
Systemic Anatomy (Study of Organ-systems)
The three broad areas in Anatomy therefore are:
Human Anatomy
Plant Anatomy
Animal Anatomy
Human Anatomy involves the study of 10 Organ-systems.
The Nervous System
The Circulatory system
The Respiratory system
The musculoskeletal system
The Lymphatic system
The Digestive system
The Endocrine system
The Urinary system
The Integumentary system
The Reproductive system
All these systems are required for the coordinated functioning of the human body. The Knowledge of Human Anatomy has advanced the training in healthcare for people working in Healthcare. Medical Doctors, Paramedics, Physical therapists, scientists, and nurses all need to be well-engrossed in the knowledge of Anatomy. Anatomy also advanced the treatment and curing procedures in medicines.
The studies of Plant and Animal Anatomy apart from medical applications are important in understanding the physiology, and phylogenetic evolutionary relationships between the various groups of Animals and Plants. Today’s classification is no more artificial.
The present classification studies involve support from Anatomy too which is possible with dissection and microscopy. Without a thorough knowledge of anatomical and histological studies, the evolutionary adaptations and ecological experiments and interpreted incorrectly.
Now one can glorify the importance of studying Anatomy. Anatomy Assignment Help provides a foundation to help Australian students in understanding the subject from basics to ongoing advanced research topics in Anatomy.
Anatomy Assignment Help assists university students with more complex topics. We offer Australian students with assistance in their assignments. We have experienced academic experts who can be your great help. Reach out to us now and let us manage your assignments with excellence.
Here is one of the advanced Anatomy topics that our experts can guide you with:
Anatomy of Kidney:
Kidneys are the magnificent organs in reptiles, birds and mammals that produce urine. Anatomical studies of the Kidney using Light and electron microscopy revealed the structural complexity of Kidneys and established their core function in filtration and urine production.
Their core functions are achieved through the regulation of levels of Blood pressure, water, sodium and potassium salts, acidity, and minerals.
The Urinary system of man has two kidneys (Filtration and Urine formation), two ureters (Urine conduction to the urethra), a Urinary bladder (Urine Storage) and a Urethra (Urinary passage to exterior).
Intravenous Urogram (IVU) X-ray .The left and Right kidneys are shown in purple. Right kidney is lower in position (due to the presence of liver) to the left kidney.Two ureters drain urine into the central Urinary bladder (Shown in yellow).
Section of Human Kidney:
To understand the section of a kidney as a whole, we need to understand the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the Kidney.
Macroscopic Anatomy of the Kidney:The human kidney shows two major regions, the outer Renal Cortex, and the inner Renal Medulla. These two regions are clearly distinguished from each other due to the hue differences of the reddish brown in the two regions. The cortex is reddish brown.
Of the two regions, the medulla is divided into many conical sections called renal pyramids. In between the renal pyramids, there are extensions of the cortex called Renal columns. The tip of a renal pyramid opens into a minor calyx (pl: minor calyces). Two to three minor calyces open into a major calyx. Many such major calyces unite to open into a wider portion called renal papillae. Renal papillae continue down into ureters. Ureters open into Urinary Bladder.
Also, kidneys are supplied with arteries, which divide into capillaries and then continue into venules and exit the kidney as veins. The point at which arteries and veins enter and exit, respectively is called Renal Hilum.
Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Kidneys are made of millions of structures called nephrons. The microscopic anatomy (the specific arrangement of nephrons) reflects the regional differences seen at the macroscopic level.
Each nephron in the real sense is a mini kidney. Each nephron filters the blood and forms urine.
An Individual nephron has two parts, a renal corpuscle (which filters the blood) and a renal tubule (which forms the urine).
The renal corpuscle consists of two parts, a bowman’s capsule, and a glomerulus.
Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries enclosed in a Bowman’s capsule. Blood penetrates the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole. It departs the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole. The tuft of capillaries has podocyte coatings around them, which form many filtration slits/pores through which the plasma is filtered out. The rate at which the filtration happens depends on the blood pressure and can be regulated.
Renal Tubule: The filtrate formed in the Bowman’s capsule flow into the renal tubule. The renal tubule is divided into a Proximal tubule (PT), a “U” shaped Loop of Henle and a Distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
DCT enters the terminal portion, a straight tube called a collecting duct. All collecting ducts open into minor calyces, through medullary pyramids.
The renal corpuscle, PCT and DCT are located in the cortical regions of the Kidney whereas the loop of Henle is situated in the medulla.
There are two classes of nephrons, cortical (80 to 85%) and juxtamedullary (15 to 20%). Cortical nephrons have a shorter loop of Henle, whereas juxtamedullary nephrons have a larger loop of Henle extending deep into the medulla.
The next aspect of the kidney’s microanatomy is the blood supply. Each kidney has a renal artery. Renal artery branches into segmental arteries. Segmental arteries branch into a number of interlobular arteries. Interlobular arteries supply blood to the glomerulus as afferent arterioles. Coming off the afferent arterioles are the efferent arterioles, which then give off two capillary beds. Peritubular capillaries and Vasa Recta.
Peritubular capillaries are a network of vessels that are close to the PT and DCT.
Vasa Recta is the network of vessels that run along the loops of Henle and collecting ducts, dipping deep into the renal medulla.
The peritubular capillaries and vasa recta empty into interlobular veins. Interlobular veins drain into arcuate veins. Arcuate veins eventually drain into the renal vein.
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity (Chest Cavity) just above the diaphragm, in between the two lungs. This space between two lungs is known as "Mediastinum”.
The heart is surrounded by a membranous sac called Pericardium. The pericardium is double-layered. The outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium, are much closer to the layer of the heart. Between its two layers is the pericardial fluid.
Myocardium and The Heart Wall:
The heart wall is made of 3 tissue layers. The Outer Connective Tissue, Middle Myocardium, and Inner endothelium.
Contraction of the Muscle layer is associated with squeezing in of the muscle, lessening the space of the chamber and therefore, increasing the pressure. This is the principle behind the pumping of blood to the other chambers of the heart.
Relaxation of the Muscle is the opposite of contraction and is associated with the filling in of chambers of the heart.
The Ventricular Muscle wall is much thicker than the Auricular Muscle in general. This difference lies in the role of the ventricles they are entitled to. They need a strong muscular wall to pump blood to larger distances. It is also worth noting that the wall of the left ventricle is much thicker than the right ventricle. The thicker muscle of the left ventricle enables it to exert more pressure than the right ventricle, as the left ventricle is involved in pumping blood to longer distances than the right ventricle.
Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart:
The chambers of the heart made of musculature are separated by and connected to the fibrous connective tissue also called as Fibrous skeleton of the Heart. This fibrous skeleton forms the rings that hold the heart valves in place.
The heart beats to pump blood. Blood pumping is unidirectional, the quality which is attributed to the presence of valves.
The four valves in the heart, keep the flow of blood in the proper direction. They include two Auriculoventricular (AV) valves and two Semi-lunar valves.
The presence of AV valves allows the collected blood to flow in one direction (the auriculoventricular direction). The opening and closing of the AV valve is passive, which is synchronized by the relaxation and contraction of heart musculature. The left AV valve is guarded by two flaps or cusps and is called a bicuspid valve. The right AV valve has three flaps or cusps and is called as tricuspid valve . The cusps of the valves are connected to the musculature (papillary muscles of the ventricles) by their extensions called chordae tendineae.
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The key points will help you write an effective Anatomy assignment.
Understand the Assignment: Every Assignment revolves around some core factors. You should know your assignment’s key factors and the topics around which the assignment is centred. Make note of the instructions given, this will help you stick to the topic and leave a great impression.
Collect the Information: Should use every available resource be it lecture notes, standard books, and or websites. Get the information related to the topic in question. Collect much information on the key factors, around which the assignment is centred.
Organise the structure: Make a note of all the headings that form the body of your assignment. Introduction, sub-headings, and conclusion.
Tables, Legends, and Figures: Tables, figures and graphs are supposed to be given wherever necessary, with appropriate legends and descriptions.
Referencing: Referencing verifies the authenticity of your work and increases the reliability of the information provided.
Proofread and Edit: Revise what you have written. This will make you take the side of a reader and understand the grammatical and structural errors, along with the errors in your assignment.
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